History of Origin:
Touriga Nacional is a red wine grape variety that has its roots in Portugal. The exact origins of the grape are not well-documented, but it is believed to have existed in the Douro region for centuries. The grape is known for its contribution to some of Portugal’s finest wines, particularly those of the Port and Douro varieties.
Region of Origin:
The primary region of origin for Touriga Nacional is the Douro Valley in northern Portugal. This region, with its rugged terrain and diverse microclimates, provides an ideal environment for the cultivation of this grape variety. Touriga Nacional is also cultivated in other Portuguese wine regions, such as Dão and Vinho Verde, as well as in regions outside of Portugal.
Origin of Name:
The name “Touriga” is thought to be derived from the Portuguese word “tourigo,” which refers to a type of vine. The addition of “Nacional” emphasizes the grape’s importance and significance, indicating its prominence in Portuguese winemaking.
Cultivation Regions:
While Touriga Nacional is most closely associated with Portugal, it has gained popularity in other wine-producing regions worldwide. In addition to Portugal, you can find Touriga Nacional vineyards in countries such as Australia, South Africa, and the United States. However, Portugal remains the primary and most esteemed producer of wines made from this grape.
Characteristics of the Variety:
- Vine and Clusters: Touriga Nacional vines are known for their vigorous growth and compact clusters of small, thick-skinned berries. The grapes have a high skin-to-juice ratio, contributing to the intense color and robust structure of the wines.
- Ripening: Touriga Nacional is a late-ripening grape variety, making it well-suited for warm and dry climates. The extended hang time on the vine allows the grapes to develop complex flavors and aromas.
- Aromatics: The grape is renowned for its aromatic profile, often exhibiting notes of dark fruits such as blackberry, blackcurrant, and plum. Floral aromas, particularly violet, are also characteristic of Touriga Nacional.
Characteristics of the Wine:
- Color: Touriga Nacional wines are deeply colored, ranging from intense ruby to inky purple. The strong pigmentation in the grape skins contributes to the wine’s vibrant hue.
- Tannins and Structure: One of the distinguishing features of Touriga Nacional wines is their high tannin levels. The tannins are typically firm and well-integrated, providing structure and aging potential to the wines.
- Flavor Profile: The flavor profile is rich and complex, with a focus on dark fruit flavors. In addition to the primary fruit notes, you may find hints of spice, herbs, and sometimes chocolate or tobacco.
- Ageability: Touriga Nacional wines are known for their aging potential. They often benefit from some bottle aging, allowing the tannins to mellow and the wine to develop greater complexity.
In summary, Touriga Nacional stands as a grape variety deeply rooted in Portuguese winemaking, particularly in the prestigious Douro Valley. Its late-ripening nature, aromatic qualities, and robust structure contribute to the production of wines that are not only deeply colored but also capable of aging gracefully, making them a cornerstone of Portugal’s winemaking heritage.