Roussanne is a white wine grape variety known for producing rich and aromatic wines. Here’s a detailed description covering various aspects of Roussanne:
History of Origin:
Roussanne is believed to have originated in the Rhône Valley of France, particularly in the Northern Rhône region. It is one of the key grape varieties used in the production of white wines from this region. The exact origin of the grape is not well-documented, but it has been cultivated in the Rhône for centuries.
Region of Origin:
The Rhône Valley in France is considered the primary region of origin for Roussanne. It is commonly associated with the Northern Rhône appellations, such as Hermitage, Crozes-Hermitage, and Saint-Joseph. In recent years, Roussanne has also been planted in other wine regions around the world.
Origin of Name:
The name “Roussanne” is thought to be derived from the French word “rousse,” meaning reddish-brown, which could be a reference to the grape’s skin color at maturity. The berries of Roussanne can take on a reddish or russet hue as they ripen.
Cultivation Regions:
While Roussanne is most closely associated with the Rhône Valley, it has gained popularity in other wine regions globally. It is now cultivated in various parts of the world, including California (particularly in regions like Paso Robles and Santa Barbara County), Australia, Italy, Spain, and South Africa. The grape’s adaptability to different climates and soils has contributed to its spread to new winegrowing regions.
Characteristics of the Variety:
- Viticulture:
- Roussanne is a late-ripening grape variety, which can be a challenge in cooler climates.
- It is known for its small berries with a reddish or russet tint and thick skin.
- Aroma and Flavor Profile:
- Roussanne wines are characterized by a complex aromatic profile, often displaying notes of apricot, pear, honeysuckle, herbal elements, and sometimes a subtle nuttiness.
- The wines can exhibit a full-bodied and luscious texture, with a good balance of acidity.
- Ageing Potential:
- Roussanne wines are known for their ability to age gracefully. With time, they can develop additional layers of complexity and evolve into richer, honeyed expressions.
- Winemaking Considerations:
- Roussanne is often blended with other white varieties, most notably Marsanne, to enhance the overall balance and structure of the wine.
- Winemakers may use both stainless steel and oak barrels for fermentation and aging, with some opting for extended skin contact to extract additional flavors.
In summary, Roussanne is a distinctive white grape variety with a rich history in the Rhône Valley and a growing presence in diverse wine regions worldwide. Its wines are known for their aromatic complexity, full body, and aging potential.
